骨密度及骨代谢指标与同型半胱氨酸关系的研究进展

同型半胱氨酸(homocysteine,Hcy)是一种含硫氨基酸,以蛋氨酸为原料合成的,通过B族维生素,可以再循环生成蛋氨酸,或者通过转硫途径转化为半胱氨酸。通常同型半胱氨酸被认为是心脑血管的独立危险因素,现研究证实同型半胱氨酸也是骨质疏松的危险因素。目前Hcy引起骨质疏松甚至骨折的确切机制已研究出一小部分,仍有待于进一步研究。在机理上,同型半胱氨酸主要通过影响骨胶原的交联,刺激破骨细胞的形成和活性增加,及通过氧化应激产生活性氧促进成骨细胞的凋亡起作用。笔者将从同型半胱氨酸与骨密度及骨代谢指标、骨折的关系进行综述,通过提前干预Hcy的水平,预防骨折的发生,为骨质疏松症患者提供一种新的治疗方案。     

eIF4EBP3 was downregulated by methylation and acted as a tumor suppressor by targeting eIF4E/β-catenin in gastric cancer

Gastric Cancer - Epigenetic aberrations of tumor suppressor genes (TSGs), particularly DNA methylation, are frequently involved in the pathogenesis of gastric cancer (GC). Through a methylome...     

术前低PSA的Gleason 8~10分前列腺癌患者临床特点

背景与目的:前列腺癌的发病率逐渐上升,其中有些患者在诊断为高级别前列腺癌甚至转移性前列腺癌时,其前列腺特异性抗原(prostate-specific antigen,PSA)数值却处于很低的水平。探讨术前低血清PSA的Gleason 8~10分前列腺癌患者临床特点。方法:收集2013年1月-2018年1月江苏省苏北人民医院收治的72例接受前列腺癌根治术的高Gleason评分前列腺癌患者的临床资料。根据术前血清PSA水平分为4组:A组<4.0 ng/mL(9例)、B组4.0~10.0 ng/mL(12例)、C组10.0~20.0 ng/mL(15例)和D组>20.0 ng/mL(36例)。4组平均年龄分别为(68.8±8.6)、(68.9±6.0)、(71.6±6.0)和(68.4±6.4)岁。平均随访时间分别为(21.6±12.1)、(18.8±7.2)、(25.0±13.4)和(24.8±12.5)个月。切缘阳性例数分别为3例(33.3%)、5例(41.7%)、5例(33.0%)和15例(41.7%)。精囊侵犯例数分别为6例(66.7%)、2例(16.7%)、2例(13.3%)和14例(38.9%)。淋巴结转移例数分别为2例(22.2%)、3例(25.0%)、4例(26.7%)和13例(36.1%)。预后评价指标为无生化复发天数(biochemical progression-free day,bPFD)与前列腺癌特异性死亡(prostate cancer-specific death,PCSD)。4组平均PFD分别为(90.00±38.40)、(306.17±79.00)、(223.14±63.30)和(145.03±62.50)d。PCSD例数分别为4例(44.4%)、0例(0.0%)、1例(6.7%)和5例(13.9%)。组间年龄、随访时间、PFD使用单因素方差分析,进一步两两比较采用最小显著差别(least significant difference,LSD)法;组间临床病理学特征采用χ2检验、Fisher精确检验;PCSD使用Kaplan-Meier生存分析,生存曲线间比较使用log-rank检验。结果:A组与其余3组相比,年龄、随访时间、切缘阳性、淋巴结转移的差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。A组与B、C两组相比,精囊侵犯、PFD的差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。但A组与D组相比,精囊侵犯、PFD的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。生存分析显示,A组相较于B组在随访时间内生存状况更差,但差异无统计学意义(P=0.092),A组与C、D两组的生存差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:具有术前低血清PSA水平的高Gleason评分前列腺癌患者相较于PSA更高水平的患者预后更差,易出现精囊侵犯、术后生化复发快且PCSD例数多。     

Chronic exposure to ethanol in male mice may be associated with hearing loss in offspring

Although paternal ethanol (EtOH) abuse has been shown to affect the growth and behavior of offspring, the exact molecular and mechanistic basis remains largely unclear. Methylation alterations in imprinted genes may be related to well-documented teratogenic effects of ethanol. Here we show that chronic paternal ethanol exposure increases the susceptibility to abnormal behavior in offspring through male game epigenetic alteration. In our study, different doses of ethanol (0, 1.1, 3.3 g kg⁻¹) were administered intra-gastrically to male mice and decreased sperm motility was found in the highest ethanol-exposed group compared with the controls. Data also showed a dose-dependent increase in deaf mice of the paternally ethanol-exposed groups. The methylation of H19, Peg3, Ndn and Snrpn was assessed in paternal spermatozoa and in the cerebral cortices of deaf mice. EtOH affected methylation of Peg3 (CpG 3, 7 and 9) in paternal spermatozoa and in the cerebral cortices of deaf mice, but the level of mRNA expression did not change, suggesting that other gene regulation may be involved in these processes. Overall, chronic paternal ethanol exposure could alter the methylation of imprinted genes in sire spermatozoa that could also be passed on to offspring, giving rise to developmental disorders. Our results provide possible epigenetic evidence for a paternal ethanol exposure contribution to Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS).     

微小RNA － 126 与冠心病发生发展关系的研究进展

微小RNA( miRNAs) 是一类高度保守的内源性非编码小分子单链RNA，能通过特异性识别靶基因
mRNA，在翻译水平调节基因表达，从而调节细胞分化、生长发育、增殖与凋亡、激素分泌等各种过程。现已经发
现多种miRNA，其中微小RNA － 126( miR－ 126) 主要存在于血管内皮细胞和血小板当中，与血管的生成、发育、
修复功能密切相关，与高血压、冠心病、心力衰竭等心血管疾病密切相关。其中，冠心病即将成为危害全人类健
康的头号致死杀手，其诊断和治疗备受关注。本文就miR－ 126 在冠心病发生发展过程中的作用进行系统综述。     

Neighborhood social cohesion and cognitive function in U.S. Chinese older adults—findings from the PINE study

Objectives: The projected increase in the population of older adults in the United States entails a pressing need to examine risk and protective factors associated with cognitive function. This study aims to examine the association between neighborhood social cohesion and cognitive function among older Chinese adults in the United States.

Method: Using the first epidemiological survey of older Chinese Americans and applying ordinary least squares and quantile regressions, this study examines the association between neighborhood social cohesion and various domains of cognitive function.

Results: Results show that neighborhood social cohesion is independently associated with most domains of cognitive function (i.e. global cognition score, and its components such as the Chinese Mini-Mental State Examination and executive function and episodic memory measures).

Conclusion: This study represents one of a few initial efforts that examined the association between neighborhood social cohesion and cognitive function for Chinese older adults in the United States. Our findings suggest that socially cohesive neighborhoods can provide enriched environments where active lifestyles can be encouraged, and cognitive skills and abilities can be stimulated, practiced, and preserved for older adults.     

不同类型原发性三叉神经痛的手术疗效分析

目的 探讨不同类型的责任血管及压迫特点对原发性三叉神经痛手术疗效的影响。方法 回顾性分析2002~2012年微血管减压术治疗的212例原发性三叉神经痛的临床资料。根据术中发现责任血管类型分为动脉压迫（155例）、静脉压迫（24例）和混合压迫（33例），根据术中发现责任血管压迫特点分为接触压迫型（123例）和粘连包裹型（89例）。结果 手术总有效率为95.8%，动脉压迫、静脉压迫和混合压迫有效率分别为98.1%、95.8%和84.8%，接触压迫型和粘连包裹型有效率分别为98.4%和92.1%。结论 微血管减压术是治疗原发性三叉神经痛的有效方法，动静脉混合压迫以及术中粘连包裹可能是影响手术疗效的因素。